The Process Of Time Management Education Essay

The Process Of Time Management Education Essay CHAPTER 1 From an article in Wikipedia, titled Time Management, time management is the process of planning the best way to organize the things that you need and want to do so that you can accomplish them all. Time management refers to a range of skills, tools, and techniques used to manage time when accomplishing specific tasks, projects and goals. This set encompasses a wide scope of activities, and these include planning, allocating, setting goals, delegation, analysis of time spent, monitoring, organizing, scheduling, and prioritizing. Many people sometimes forget about that successful people all manage time well. They value every second of their time, and always make sure that none of it is wasted. In order to be successful, time management is important because students must balance their time wisely among many commitments such as classes, study time, family, friends, and possibly employment. If time is not managed properly, it is easy for students to put off the important tasks or project and concern only on favour activities. Procrastination most likely to happen when there is the least of time management. From an article in Wikipedia, titled Procrastination, procrastination refers to the deferment of actions or tasks to a later time. Psychologists often cite such behavior as a mechanism for coping with the anxiety associated with starting and/or completing any task or decision. It affects most students at some stage of their studies. They attempt to escape doing a specific task that full with boredom. However, the task which is not getting started can make you feeling stress and ultimately panic in which it will influence students academic performance. The way to overcome this is to break down each task into small sub tasks. A schedule can help you dedicate appropriate time to each sub task. Students have to maintain productivity and concentration by scheduling difficult tasks during the most productive work time. Students can use their study time wisely and balance other commitments by having a proper designed and organized schedule. How to design and put on a task into a schedule are the key terms. Consider investing some time into learning how to go about doing this. Students can invest the time upfront and get back the dividend by getting setup a weekly schedule. Thus, students will find the goals and objectives that they have set are achievable. 1.2 Statement of Problem University life is full of challenges. Most of the FPPSM students find it hard to balance their studies, campus activities, work and sport. Furthermore, students always complaint that they are unable to study and do assignment till last minutes. This will lead to poor academic performance. Sometimes, they spend too much time for leisure activities and left their assignments behind their mind. All these problems arise because most of the students do not manage their time properly. So, it is important to know how FPPSM students manage their time to keep a balanced perspective on all areas associated with university life. Most of the FPPSM students have low level of personal discipline. So, they seldom follow the time schedule that they had made themselves. In addition, they also seldom follow the time that plan by lecturer in the course outline. They fail to notice the several important weeks that cause late submission. Furthermore, most of the FPPSM students feel stress and cannot concentrate in the lecture room. They suffer stress because they do not manage their time properly. The students may not have skill to manage theirs. So, they will feel stress when they cannot finish their assignments or study on time. As a result, they will sacrifice their sleeping time to finish all their work. These are all the reasons why the research emphasizes on time management among FPPSM students. 1.3 Purpose of the Study The purpose of research is to investigate the awareness of FPPSM students about the importance of time management. This study will lead students to understand more about time management and inquire into the importance of time management to their academic performance. From the research, relationship among the effectiveness of time management and academic performance can be identified. Besides that, the research will survey the method used by successful students and explain how the successful students manage time in order to balance their studying time and extra-curricular activities. By conducting this research, FPPSM students may get more detailed information about how the successful students use their time wisely among school activities and their personal life or social life. The research may identify the ways of FPPSM students used to release their stress by using leisure time. Usually, an effectiveness time management through leisure activities can help to overcome the academic stress. Stress is indirectly affected to the academic performance. The research will analyze the life style of FPPSM students and students may learn the importance of balance their study life with leisure time. It helps to release stress and make the study become more effectiveness. The research expected bring awareness toward students to maximize their time and make them used the time more wisely. 1.4 Objectives of the Study The objectives of this study are: To investigate the effectiveness of time management on the academic performance of FPPSM student. To investigate the difference between the successful students and other students in time management. To determine the number of students with proper schedule planning. 1.5 Research Questions How effective is the time management against FPPSM student academic performance? What are the differences between successful students and other students on time management? How many of FPPSM students have proper schedule planning? 1.6 Significance of the study The finding of this research will help FPPSM students to manage their time wisely by knowing which items they need to pay attention to. Assignments that are due or revision for an upcoming test will be important. In addition, the finding will enable the students to lead a more balanced life by helping them find the time and energy to devote to all the important areas of their life. Besides, students who are under stress caused by work load pressure can be easily avoided with the help of time management. Work will complete on time and their stress level will stay at a normal range and leave a positive effect on their health. 1.7 Scope This research will be conducted in Faculty of Management Human Resource Development(FPPSM) the respondents are the first, second and third year of Human Resource Development, Management Technology, Marketing, Accounting, and Industrial Psychology students. The respondents are 50 students from FPPSM between the ages of 19-25 years old and they were selected randomly. The questionnaires were distributed on the 3rd and 4th February 2010. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Definition of Time Management First of all, this part of research will start by introducing the definition of time management. Clarke stated that time management is a system, set of tools and skills that when combined will help you to gain more out of your allocated time and also let you be able to use your time to accomplish what you want and what you need to accomplish. In addition, time management is the control and focus of a persons actions to making everything do fit into specific durations and schedules, and try hard to make that fit happen, whether or not our tasks can actually be accomplished at that time. As we know time management is life management. It is the core skill around which everything that you do revolves around. It can be said that the quality of your life will be determined by the quality of your time management. Time management is really the external demonstration of self-discipline in your life. The most valuable thing human beings have are time. We can always get more money but once we spend our time it is gone forever. Firstly, to be a successful student they need to realize how valuable time is and then they need to understand the principles if they are going to manage it effectively. (Time Management) In addition, time management includes your day-to-day activities as well as your long term future wants and goals you have set for yourself. Some skills included in time management are planning, goal setting, managing your task or scheduling things you need to get done or would like to do. A diary is a very useful tool to help student manage their time wisely. In a diary they can schedule their planned things to do ahead of time by knowing what they need to pay attention to such as assignment and revision for an upcoming test. However, improve of time management skills is essential for student to reduce their stress and anxiety which comes from their university life. 2.2 Effectiveness of Time Management on the Academic Performance of FPPSM Student. According to Dozier (2008), with appropriate time management, students will be able to have more accomplishment. He also stated that the benefits of time management. College students will be able to live an ordered life with more extra time. Besides, college students will be able to reduce physical stress and avoid procrastination. According to the study of Ohio University from Karpinski (as cited in Kok and Teo, 2009) result of academic will be influenced if someone spent too much time online. Two hundred and nineteen of Facebook users were investigated by a research and find that undergraduates had grade point averages around 3 to 3.5 is a Facebook users On the other hand, students can get the higher GPAs if their less involve in Facebook. The same situation will occur if student addicted in playing game. If students can manage their free time or leisure time well, maybe it can avoid their result from getting bad. Someone will forget to do revision if he or she playing game without control. Student who addicted in game even be talk to study but he or she maybe always thinking about their game. It will totally jeopardize their performance in school and social relationship. The research paper by Ranjitamisra and McKean (2009) investigated the inter relationship among academic stress, anxiety, time management and leisure satisfaction among 249 university undergraduates by age and gender. The results have shown that females experienced higher self-imposed stress and more physiological reactions to stressors than males. They are managing their time more efficiently than males. From the results, we can find that time management has strongly correlated to academic stress. In addition, state anxiety had a greater association with reactions to stressors than trait anxiety. Besides, we also find that leisure activities will typically reduce academic stress. In the research titled Total time and efficient time management, Study, Study combine to Test, and Rest programming are the factor inherent that will affected to learning and retention (Izawa, 1999). From the research, time management may affect the effectiveness of learning process. Besides, according to Weissberg et al. (as cited in Schumm, 1992), time management is important to most of the undergraduate students and it becomes their primary personal need to make the learning process be more effective. College students are burdened by coursework, assignment, part-time jobs, and extracurricular activities. The time management skill is a method to improve undergraduate students self-control. Briton Tesser (as cited in Schumm, 1992) found that there is a relationship among student self-report and their grade point averages. 2.3 Difference between the Successful Students and Other Students in Time Management. There was several view point from expert about become a successful students by managing time wisely. Apps (1990) stated that methods of successful students are used to manage their time. The students are blocked to learning mainly cause by time-stealers. Time stealers means that we do not have awareness when time flying. Time stealers include procrastination, unclear priorities, daydreaming, frustration and anxiety. On the other hand, successful students are time savers and time makers. Time savers means that save other time by eliminating the time-stealers. Time-savers include time inventory, weekly time plan, monthly calendar, to-do list and saying no. Then, time-makers refer to gain more time in life. Time makers include working more efficiently, using spare moments effectively and storing time. (Apps, 1990) According to Rochita (2009), many college students find it hard to balance their time with study and other social activities. Most of them are distracted by social activities and unable to cope with the study. So, college students need to manage or organize their time to maintain their CGPA. Firstly, they can go to a quite place to study instead of study in the dorm. It is because students may be distracted by their roommate. Then, college students should stay organized by writing down all the planning in a planner or notebook. In addition, college students should keep a to-do list above their desks to know what they are supposed to do every day. Lastly, college students should get rid of the clutter. Furthermore, Grabmeier (2009) discussed about the effects of procrastination. Lack of quality of work is one of the effects. It will also lead to students academic performance and the most important is students work does not accomplish before due date. Besides, Grabmeier also suggested some ways on how to become a successful student. From the research conducted by Britton Glynn (as cited in Schumm, 1992), ninety freshmen were surveyed using an instrument that included items related to choosing goals and sub goals, prioritizing goals, generating tasks and subtasks from the goals, listing the tasks on a to-do list, scheduling them, and then carrying them out. In the article, it stated that short-range planning, time attitudes and long-range planning are playing roles in college students academic performance. In order to become a successful college student, short-range planning and time attitudes are important to the cumulative grade point average. From this article, an effectiveness time management may be one of the factor affect to their academic performance. 2.4 Number of Students with Proper Schedule Planning. Ex-Ramapo students return for panel discussion with Class of 2010 which report by Loffredo (2010) discussed about, students need manage their time well. For example, balance study time, socializing, entertainment and sport to keep healthy life. Maybe students can finish their work in right time without do until night or finish last minutes. If students finish their work in early time, maybe mistake can be reducing. It can help student get the good mark in assignment. Besides, from the article Students learn to manage time from University Counselling Centre sponsors programme to help students succeed and learn to manage time. The author of this article is Jackson, (2004) claimed that student need to manage their time in study and socializing. This is because students can improve their relationship between friends. Daily schedule is needed to manage their time more effectiveness. Stress maybe can be reduced if students have good time management. The more important thing will be done first before it is too late. According to Barnes (1992), an effective learning depends on self-awareness. The awareness of students may affect the effectiveness of study and directly give effect to the academic performance of students. A research conducted by Maddox (as cited in Barnes, 1992) explained that studying in the afternoon is more efficient than studying at midnight. A proper time management may reduce students hour of studying. Besides that, a good time management could hinder the unnecessary things from consuming more time. The unnecessary things may cause time being wasted. Time management should be measurable. Students may manage their study by including appropriate time for leisure. Students should learn to indentify and list the priority things. Based on Barness opinion, time planning is useful and should be a guideline but should also be flexible. The flexibility of time management allows us to deal with the unexpected things. Then, Hirsch (2001) stated that life is what happens when you are making other plans (p.102). It means life is full of unexpected events that can interfere with carefully planned schedules. While some interruptions can be avoided by planning activities to make sure each activity are done properly, other things could come up unpredictably. However, no schedule will work all the time. 2.5 Past Research This research choose the researches of A comparison between the Time-management Skills and Academic Performance of Mature and Traditional-entry University Students conducted by Trueman and Hartley (1996) and How Business Students Spend Their Time Do They Really Know? conducted by Tanner and Maples et.al as the references to conduct this research. The respondents of the research of Trueman were all the first-year students of psychology at Keele that were 293 students (Trueman, 1996). On the other hand, the respondents of the research conducted by Tanner were 212 business major students (Tanner Maples et.al). For our research, there will be 50 respondents from the Faculty of Management and Human Resource Development (FPPSM), UTM. The research conducted by Trueman (1996) focused on the relationship between time management skill and the first year students with different ages while the research conducted by Tanner Maples et. al focused on the awareness of business students spending their time. However, our research focuses on how FPPSM students manage their time and it includes first, second and third year students. The research instrument used by Tanner (1996) was logbook. The students were asked to record the time they spent for each activity for a period of one week. However, the research instrument that our group used is questionnaire and interview. From the research conducted by Trueman (1996), he found that the older mature students (aged more than 25 years) had a better time management skills than traditional-entry students (aged less than 21 years) and borderline mature students (aged 21-25 years). In addition, female students have a better time management skill than male students. However, our research does not study these aspects. Furthermore, the research showed no differences between time management skills and academic performance. However, our research will to study the relationship between time management and students performance. From the research conducted by Tanner and Maple et.al, he found that technological distraction caused business students scarified their study time without realizing it. So, our research will determine the number of students who have proper schedule planning. The past research helped our group to have an idea of how to conduct our research and as a guideline for our research. CHAPTER 3 3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction This section discusses the methodology of the research. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the awareness of FPPSM students about the importance of time management. The respondents are 50 students from FPPSM. Data for the research will be extracted from the questionnaires and also through an interview session. 3.2 Research Instruments In this research, two methods of research instruments had been chosen to gather the primary data. These instruments are questionnaire for quantitative research methodology and interview for qualitative research methodology. A set of 50 sheets of questionnaire containing 18 questions where all of the questions are closed-ended or open-ended questions (Appendix A). There are different types of questions to be asked such as likert-scale questions, listing/choice questions, ranking questions in the questionnaire. In this study, the questionnaires were distributed to 50 respondents who are students from FPPSM. Students from FPPSM were selected to answer sets of questionnaire. The qualitative data for this research comes from interview. We are going to interview two students from FPPSM. One of the interviewee who is a member of Majlis Perwakilan Pelajar (MPP), and another interviewee is a student from FPPSM who CGPA below 3.5. In addition, we prepare a set of questions before the interview (Appendix B). The reason of choosing this method is a lot of important ideas or opinions that cannot be collected through questionnaires. 3.3 Respondents of the Study The respondents are from first, second and third year of Human Resource Development, Management Technology, Marketing, Accounting, and Industrial Psychology students from FPPSM. A total of 50 questionnaires were distributed to students at different courses and years in February 2010. A total of 50 students from FPPSM returned the questionnaires. The interviewees chosen were Ms Lai Yit Sien and another student who CGPA below 3.5.The reasons for chosen Ms Lai Yit Sien as interviewee are she can manage their study and extra-curricular well, and maintain her CGPA by obtained Dean List in past semester. Ms Lai Yit Sien is a third year student of Human Resource Development. She is a member of Majlis Perwakilan Pelajar (MPP). On the other hand, another interviewee is a second year student of Human Resource Development. Her CGPA is below 3.5. 3.4 Research Procedure A pilot study was conducted on 1st February 2010 to access the validity of the research instrument. This pilot study was done before we distribute the questionnaires. Each group prepared five sets of questionnaire and distributed them to other group randomly for pilot test purpose. During the actual study, the questionnaires were distributed to the FPPSM students who are first, second and third year of Human Resource Development, Management Technology, Marketing, Accounting, and Industrial Psychology students. Respondents were approached with an initial question of whether they have scheduling or planning activities for their daily life. All the questionnaires collected after the respondents answer the questionnaires. 3.5 Data Analysis To analyse the data, the data from questionnaire were calculated and entered into computer manually. Results were presented through frequency counts and other descriptive statistics. Graphs, tables, charts and etc. were used to provide a clear picture on the data analysis. Interview data were used to validate the data from the questionnaire. The data were transferred into writing form. CHAPTER 4 4.0 FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction This section discusses the finding and analysis of the research. The finding and analysis in this past will answer the research question of the research. Time management among FPPSM students can be identified through the section below. 4.2 Demographic 4.2.1 Number of Students from Each Course Figure A Distribution of Respondents Based on Courses Figure A shows the distribution of respondents involved in this research based on courses offered at FPPSM. There were 11 students from Bachelor of Science (Human Resource Development), 12 students from Bachelor of Management (Technology), Bachelor of Management (Marketing), and Bachelor of Psychology (Industrial and Organizational Psychology) each other. There were three students from Bachelor of Accountancy. Therefore, the total number of respondents was 50 students. 4.2.2 Year of Students Figure B Distribution of Respondents Based on Year of Students Figure B shows distribution of respondents involved in this research based on year of students. There were 34% of students from first year (17 students), 32% students from second year (16 students), and 34% students from third year (17 students). 4.2.3 Gender Figure C Distribution of Respondents Based on Gender Figure C shows the gender of FPPSM students involved in this research. There were 38 (76%) female respondents and the other 12 (24%) respondents were male. 4.2.4 CGPA Figure D CGPA of FPPSM students Involved in This Research Figure D shows that the CGPA of respondents in this research. 29 out of 50 students achieved the CGPA 3.5 to 4.0. Twenty students have achieved 3.0-3.49, and only one student achieved the CGPA 2.5 to 2.99. Furthermore, there were no students CGPA were below 2.5. 4.3 Relationship between Time Management and Academic Performance 4.3.1 Effective Time Management Figure E Frequency of Distribution in Surfing the Internet of Effective Time Management (extra-activities). Figure E shows the time spent by respondent surfing the Internet in a day. There were around 50 percent of the respondents spent less than three hours surfing the Internet daily and 30 percent of the respondents spent more than six hours surfing internet in a day. Surfing internet may be a way to help students to get the information about study and assignment. On the other hand, some of FPPSM students are addicted in surfing internet. Figure F Frequency of Distribution on the Elements of Effective Time Management (extra-activities). Figure F shows the frequency of distribution on the elements in effective time management. There are 25 out of 50 respondents agree that they have the habit of exercise at least once a week. Besides that, there are around 21 respondents agree that they go for shopping, watch movie and other entertainment at least once a month. There are a number of respondents that are about 35 percent of the respondents having entertainment at least once in 2 weeks. Entertainment like shopping and watching movie are the ways to help students to release stress. However, students should avoid having too much entertainment in their life because it may affect their academic performance. Figure G Frequency Distribution of Elements in Effectiveness Time Management (study). Figure G shows the time of revision that most preferred by FPPSM students. Majority of the respondents start their revision a week before examination. There were not more than ten percent of the respondents start their revision a day before examination. Elements Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strong disagree Do not procrastinate 25 22 2 1 Study time plan 13 23 11 3 Balance in social and study 15 22 12 1 Table A Frequency of Distribution on the Elements (study) of Effective Time Management. According to Table A, majority of the respondents that are more than 50 percents of the respondents agree that they do not procrastinate, having study plan, and able to balance both their social activities and study. 4.3.2 Non-Effective Time Management Elements Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Participate in social activities and neglect study 4 17 18 11 Time full of unnecessary socializing 8 10 21 11Table B Frequency of Distribution on the Elements of Non-Effective Time Management. From Table B, it shows the frequency distribution of elements in non-effectiveness time management among FPPSM students. There are 11 out of 50 respondents disagree strongly that they will participate in social activities even they know they should be studying, and their time full of unnecessary socializing. Generally, more than half of the respondents disagree that they will participate in social activities even they know they should be studying, and unnecessary socializing takes up too much of their days. The finding able to answer the research objective that effective time management affects academic performance. Based on the findings, there are around 60 percent of FPPSM students getting CGPA more than 3.5 and having effectiveness time management. This proves that there are a relationship between effective time management and academic performance. According to Figure E, F, and G, they show the frequency of distribution on the elements of effective time management in extra-activities and also study. There are more than 50 percent of the respondents able to balance their extra-activities and study. There is not much difference between the numbers of respondents that surf the Internet less than three hours per day and exceed six hours per day. Internet is the most important tool in students life. Students may surf the Internet for entertainment, social networking, or information searching. Besides that, most of the respondents have a habit in exercise at least once a week. Exercise is a way to release stress. Thus, they are able to perform well with healthy body and mind. It is because exercise can facilitate blood circulation. So, they are easy to memorize the note if fresh in mind. Self discipline is one of the elements of effective time management. According to the findings, most of the respondents do not procrastination to complete assignments. It is because they have good discipline in managing their time. Most of them can follow their study schedule. Therefore, they can do their tasks systematically to prevent last minute work. As a result, they can produce more perfect and less mistake assignments in order to get the higher marks for their assignments. Indirectly, it will improve their academic performance. According to Barnes (1992), an effective learning depends on self-awareness. The awareness of students may affect the effectiveness of study and directly give effect to the academic performance. Based on the findings, majority of the respondents have self-awareness. Therefore, they aware their own responsibilities as a student are to accomplish their assignments and get the good results. In order to fulfill their responsibilities, they always have time schedule to finish assignments on time. Therefore, marks will not be deducted by lecturer. The effectiveness of time management will improve the academic performance. From the findings, most of the respondents have study time plan and do revision a week before examination. It shows the respondents feel that organizing and planning their time to study and do revision is important to their academic performance. A proper time planning may reduce students hour of studying at midnight. A research conducted by Maddox (as cited in Barnes, 1992) explained that studying in the afternoon is more efficient than studying at midnight. Besides that, the students can choose the more suitable time for them to study. By having an effective time plan, respondents have sufficient time to study and understand the content of study. As a result, they can score better in the examination. 4.4 Difference between Successful Students and Other Students in Time Management Successful student(more than CGPA3.5) Other student (lower than CGPA3.5) 1. What is your opinion about time management? Way to manage time in daily activities Way to distribute time and comple

Nasty and unsightly Essay

This segregation can be deeply felt by the reader and is very emotive. During the last extract there are a number of reasons why the audience would feel sorry for the monster. The eloquent and expressive nature of the language he uses show the reader that inside he is a beautiful being. â€Å"I shall no longer see the sun or stars, or feel the winds play on my cheeks. † The things that he will most miss are the sun and stars. These natural things are what he finds most enjoyable. The metaphor of the wind playing on his cheeks gives the reader a sense of his intelligent language but also his gentleness. Unlike Frankenstein the monster also blames himself for what has happened. â€Å"But it is true that I am a wretch† This sentence shows that the monster has acknowledged what he has done but also creates empathy with the audience, the word shows that he doesn’t think much of himself. A wretch is often something very nasty and unsightly. How do you think Shelley feels about him? scientists were unconcerned by the potential consequences of their work Shelley’s opinions on different matters are clear throughout the novel. The way that scientists were trying to push boundaries is explored. Shelley’s view is obvious. She believes that scientists were unconcerned by the potential consequences of their work. Nothing must be able to go ahead without the full knowledge that it is safe. I believe that she uses the monster as a metaphor for this. Frankenstein had not taken enough time to way up the consequences of what might happen and the monster was â€Å"born†. Prejudice is a strong theme right through the novel. Shelley uses the monster to portray her thoughts about prejudice. She uses two extremes. She creates the monster’s appearance to be revolting whilst his personality is smart, imaginative and elegant. During the story the only people who get to talk and interact with the monster are the blind people and Walton. These are also the only people he gets speak to in depth. This shows that once people can interact with him and get passed the way he looks it doesn’t matter. The blind people speak to him because they cannot see what he looks like. Walton, even though he originally sets out to kill the monster begins to feel sympathy for the monster. Shelley obviously believes that people are too narrow-minded to look further into someone before judging them. Another major theme of the story is that of parent/child relationships. Shelley uses Frankenstein as the parent figure to the monster to explore the act of neglect upon a child. Mary’s mother died shortly after she was born. Once the monster is â€Å"born† Frankenstein’s vision of an amazing super-being vanishes and he sees the ugliness of what he has created. This may be a belief of Shelley. How mothers have a great vision of their baby and nurturing it and bringing it up but when the baby is actually born the mother is hit by the realisation of bringing up a child. The mother then chooses to neglect the child. Shelley then looks at what affect neglect can have on the child. The evil which engulfs the monster is directed at Frankenstein as a result of his neglect. I believe that Shelley sympathises with Frankenstein but more with the monster. I believe that Shelley relates to the monster as she felt neglected by her mother, although she died. I believe that she structures the book in a way that portrays this. She gives the reader the most of the book to sympathise with Frankenstein and only allows a smaller part in which the reader can gain sympathy for the monster. However she believes that the monster’s grief is far worse than Frankenstein’s so that even less amount of time novel the reader still feels a greater amount of sympathy for the monster. I too feel compassion toward monster. I believe that someone’s abuse on the grounds of their appearance is wrong. Everybody should be allowed to express themselves to others and be given the chance to be understood. I also believe that most sympathy falls to Frankenstein because it was not his fault, Frankenstein created him and also neglected him. In my opinion although the monster carried out the murders the reason he did was Frankenstein. Not only did he create him without thinking of the possible consequences he also abandoned him and this caused the monster to become evil as a result of his torment. This can be linked back to the philosophy that people were born good. The monsters experience of society has moulded him into something which causes great havoc but truly, inside, he is good. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Architecture: Words or Shapes

The context, its cultural background and its function also affects owe we view architecture. The question is, what is more important to architecture, its shape or the words that describe it? Aesthetic theory is a greatly important topic in the realm of architecture. It dictates how we view architecture, what makes it beautiful and why it is important to us. This is why there has been so much debate on the topic throughout history. The debate has developed over time and continues today with numerous theorists bringing their ideas forward and taking different positions on the topic.Position This paper holds the position that words are more important to architecture than shapes. Conceptuality is stronger than formalism as an architectural idea. The principal argument is that shapes come from words. Lee Courier is a well-respected architect that discussed this topic. His ideology is given and backed up though experiences of his works. Saint Pewter's dome is a great example where both sid es of the argument are addressed. Is the great dome about form or symbolism? Recognizing architecture as parts of a whole shows how beauty is influenced by its context and how important this is.Taste in architecture and how one should Judge its beauty also considers what properties are most important. Is taste to be dictated by only visual properties or are abstract properties also influential? A flower is undeniably beautiful. Analyzing why this is and how this is related to architecture gives great insight and another perspective of the argument. Words Create Shapes Christian Nowhere-Schulz enforces that words are more important to architecture than shapes by stating that, â€Å"Existential meanings are derived from natural, human and spiritual phenomena, and are experienced as order and character.Architecture translates these meanings into spatial form†. When we grasp this understand we legalize how both types of properties are important to architecture but one informs the other, that words create shapes. A formalist would argue that without shapes there is no architecture. This is true, however question to ask is, where do shapes come from and what guides their composition and color? It is the meaning and purpose behind the architecture that guides its shape. Without words we have no shape or architecture.This puts abstract properties above physical properties, making abstract properties the true root of architecture. Lee Courtier's chapel at Ranch is one of the greatest examples where meaning is manifested into shape. This church is a truly unique composition of forms to create a shape that is immediately recognizable. The beauty of this shape as an object is debatable, however this shape allows us to have an experience full of emotion and delight. Lee Courier himself said that he wanted to create â€Å"a vessel of intense concentration and meditation†.The meanings behind Ranch connect us at a spiritual level, making the architecture beautif ul on a far deeper level than form alone. The shapes of Ranch create a space where we can encounter this more meaningful, deeper level of beauty in architecture. Lee Courier believed that the purpose of architecture is to move us. Great architecture stirs an emotion within us that evokes recognition and respect. Lee Courtier's ideology is most convincing when one experiences it through his architectural works.For example, Villa Savoy in Posits is one of his masterpieces where you can encounter his ideology. Centered in the house is a ramp that takes you on a Journey from the underbelly of the house on the ground floor to the main body on the first floor and then on to a roof garden. Throughout the house views of the surrounding nature are framed, your mind is free ravel, as the forms evoke a sense of exploration and delight. Villa Savoy is better experienced than viewed through an image, only then can you understand the greater meaning and purpose that informs its beauty.One might a rgue that this is not beautiful architecture and a poor example, however upon visiting this house you cannot deny that the house is beautiful in its own right, evoking a response from the occupant. Lee Courtier's masterpiece is moving; therefore achieving what he believed architecture to be about. This experience and the emotion that is felt can only be described in words. Shapes play a big role in the architecture but clearly the meanings behind are more important. Saint Peters Dome The crowning Jewel of Mannerist Architecture is Saint Pewter's Basilica in Rome.This great structure is the out come of a series of classical revival styles that were established and developed during this course in history. This was a time where famous architects like Brucellosis and Michelangelo were pushing boundaries and testing new waters. Architecture of the time was seeking to express the culture and religion through evermore ornamented and magnificent forms. This symbolism retorting the relations hip between man and culture, religion and, the new found freedom of the Renaissance period. The Catholic Church's ultimate representation of connecting Heaven and Earth is the great dome of SST.Pewter's. The dome accentuates the occupants focus upwards to a greater connection with, and realization of God. The appreciation one feels when being inside this great space is an undeniably amazing experience. The meaning behind this architectural feat is so strong that it becomes prevalent to the occupant in one way or another. When looking heavenward under the dome you feel a sense of awe and admiration. What we see is the immensity and ornamentation of the structure however this is interwoven with the deeper abstract properties we feel. Geoffrey Scott has the opposing view, that visual properties are more important.He assumes that as the structural truth of the dome is hidden, it makes its meaning weak. The dome could not support itself and relies on great chains for reinforcement. There fore the dome relies on its beautiful form and ornamentation to fulfill its purpose of majestically crowning Saint Pewter's. This argument is weak as he refers to the meaning of the dome but misses its main purpose, that it is a symbol of heaven. The structure was important in realizing the ability to construct this great dome but not as important as the meaning for the dome.Without this meaning there would be no reason for this structural feat or the beautiful ornamentation and Saint Pewter's wouldn't exist. Therefore we can say that Saint Pewter's dome is a great example of how words are more important to architecture than shape. Beauty needs Context Paris is regarded as one of the most beautiful cities in the world. So what makes this city so beautiful? It is the question one keeps asking themselves when having the opportunity to experience the city first hand. It is Paris as a whole that makes it the way it is. It is an incredible compilation of parts that are interwoven with hi story and culture.From the planning of grand avenues that link iconic landmarks to innovative architecture, everything in Paris has its own part to add to the greater story. Notre Dame cathedral would not be complete without its picturesque setting on the Seine River and the vibrant context surrounding it. The Eiffel Tower would not have its elegance and splendor if it were constructed in the middle of a wasteland. Paris has a deep history in planning, in revolution as well as the romantic French culture. All he parts of Paris need this rich context to make it the way it is.The whole, or the context gives the parts, or the shapes, meaning. Henry Bergen uses Paris as an example of parts and whole in his book An Introduction to Metaphysics. He suggests that Paris cannot be explained in its parts, the shapes within. It needs to be understood as a whole, as an overall impression of symbols and meanings. A clear way to understand this idea is his example of how letters make up a poem. Wh en the letters are mixed up as individual parts they do not make sense, however when they come together to form words the poem can be understood as a whole.It is difficult to find a strong formalist argument that directly tackles architecture in its context. There are many other compelling anti-formalist observations, particularly from Christian Nowhere-Schulz. One example he gives is of the ideal positioning of Greek temples in connection to the landscape. Even the formal elements chosen for each temple are symbolic of the sites characteristics. The dominance of anti-formalist understandings is testament to the importance of meaning in architecture. When we think about the meaning of architecture, we consider a wider spectrum of properties.Formalists are so focused on form that they forget to thoroughly address aspects greatly important to architecture such as context. Taste Architectural taste can be broken down to whether we should Judge architectural works on a universal or indi vidual basis. Universal Judgment of architecture is based purely on shape, proportions and other visual properties. It is free from the bias of any cultural influence or personal preconception. Emmanuel Kant looks deep into this perception and argues that this is the only way we can Judge beauty and architectural works. The individual perception holds the view that beauty is in the ye of the beholder.An individual can approach an object with a preconception from their cultural background, knowledge and experience to form a Judgment. This type of Judgment requires properties that are abstract to inform our aesthetic Judgment. We can then propose the question, how should we Judge architectural works? Should we limit Judgment to a universal approach that only considers shapes or should we have an individual approach that considers other abstract properties? Kant is a formalist and his views counter the conceptuality view of individuality. Kant believes hat not everyone is able to decid e whether architecture is beautiful or not.It is a skill that has to be developed, so that one can make Judgments void of any personal bias. Then and only then could that person decide whether an object was beautiful or not. Alexander Newsman thoroughly analyses Cant's writings is his book Only a Promise of Happiness: The Place of Beauty in a World of Art. This analysis is neutral taking no side of the debate, however he exposes the single mindedness of this argument. How could architecture and its beauty bear no relation to the world around us? We are employ human beings all connected and interwoven into our culture, thoughts and desires.Of course who we are and what we do affects our Judgment, not Just of beauty and architecture but of everything we do. There is no way to separate the two, abstract properties inform our Judgment and taste in the visual properties of an object. When discussing Elaine Scary writings, Newsman talks of beauty being manifested in appearance but being c onnected to a larger cycle, that informs understanding and interpretation. Architectural works should be Judged as an individual. Everyone is unique and has their own cultural background, thoughts and leaning to bring to architecture.Why would you try and block this out to form a universal opinion the same as everyone else? Its is important for architecture to embrace conceptuality and let it continue to develop as rich and vibrant built form in all different shapes and sizes. Language of Flowers Georges Beatable presents a convincing discussion about flowers and how they pertain to beauty and love as aspects aesthetic theory. The rose is an undeniably beautiful object that symbolizes love and has the possibility for many more meanings determined by intention and interpretation.A rose given out of love from one person to another makes this beautiful object more about meaning than form. We can say a rose symbolizes something more beautiful than the rose itself and the abstract proper ties are more important to the rose than visual. All can appreciate a beautiful rose but it is most beautiful to an individual when they have a connection to it rather than considering it Just as a form. Beautiful architecture has the same properties as a rose does. It is beautiful in appearance, directed by its components and colors, and it is beautiful in meaning, directed by its symbolism and purpose.Like with the rose, do we not appreciate architecture more when it has a greater meaning to us? As a rose symbolizes love and stirs emotion, architecture should also stirs emotion as it is experienced and appreciated. Abstract properties bring out the true beauty of an object to make it truly beautiful. This true beauty is what both a rose and architecture is about. The formalist view is that the rose, like architecture is beautiful because of its form. This would mean that the rose as a beautiful gift is less about giver and more about the object, that architecture is more about app earance and sees about the people who interact with it.Clearly you would rather receive a rose from someone you love rather than someone you don't know, even if you do not appreciate the form of the rose, the act of love gives it a greater beauty. Likewise you want to have architecture for the delight it brings no matter the form. What architecture can bring to society is more important than a meaningless composition of shapes that does not relate to people. Conclusion We can conclude that it all comes back to words. The debate over shapes and words leads from one argument to the next and it will never stop.It simply comes down to what is architecture all about? It is all about people. What is beautiful about architecture? It is beautiful in the way it relates to people and how we relate to it. Architecture is a place to dwell; it is a place for human beings. Architecture is meant to improve life, to provide us with shelter and delight. This can be manifested in various ways depende nt on function, cultural meaning and purpose. What we see is its physical properties that have been informed by abstract properties. Every beautiful piece of architecture has Journey to be experienced and a story to be told.

Internet Of Things Privacy Protection - 2151 Words

Internet of things Privacy protection and Research Ruining Fan Abstract Analyzes the problems existing in the Internet of things through each layer in Internet of things especial in perception layer and access layer. Introduced some security and privacy situation of Internet of things like anonymous method, the basic principle of encryption technology. Overview of Internet privacy protection technology in the future and the improvement technology. Introduction The concept and characteristics Internet of things (IoT) is becoming a hot topic in recent years. Its application is very wide which can be applied to the military, industry, agriculture, power grid and networks, transportation, logistics, energy saving, environmental†¦show more content†¦Its main characteristic is through the radio frequency identification (RFID), sensors and other ways to obtain all kinds of information in the real world which combined with the Internet and mobile communication network and other network information transmission and interaction, the intelligent computing technology analysis of information processing. Thus improve the perception of the material world, and to realize intelligent decision and control. Although Internet of things can reference some of the mature technology in network, the Internet of things in the information acquisition, processing and application of the technology and the technology is a big difference, First, compared with wireless sensor network, Internet of large number and variety of sense terminals. Second compared with distributed computing technology, the Internet of things need to responsible for the information processing of all kinds of intelligent computing technology in perception of massive amounts of data and information. Third, compared with the Internet applications, the application of Internet of things technology will cover more and more wide fields. Layers in IoT In general, can put the architecture of Internet of things into the perception layer, Internet layer,